Lithium-ion batteries are used in a wide range of applications, from cell phones to electric vehicles, solar energy systems to storage solutions. However, the fires that occur when these batteries are misused, overheated, or physically damaged are unlike ordinary fires. Lithium-ion fires, particularly those caused by a process called "thermal runaway," spread very quickly and are extremely difficult to control. So why are traditional fire extinguishers ineffective against these types of fires?

1. The Chemical Nature of Fire Is Different

Lithium fires do not fall into the classic Class A (solid), B (liquid), or C (gas) fire classes. These fires are metallic in nature and exhibit specific reactions. Lithium flames reach very high temperatures and can generate their own oxygen. Therefore, conventional extinguishers are inadequate.

2. Extinguishing with Water and Foam is Dangerous

Water can react with lithium to form hydrogen gas, which can lead to explosions. Foam may be effective on the surface, but it won't stop the battery's internal reactions.

3. CO₂ Extinguishers Are Insufficient

Carbon dioxide-based extinguishers are typically used on ABC-type fires. However, because lithium fires are fueled by an internal reaction, simply cutting off the air won't work. CO₂ fumes can provide a cooling effect but won't stop the fire.

4. Powder Tubes Cannot Suppress Heat

ABC powder extinguishers may have a temporary effect on the surface, but as long as thermal runaway continues, heat generation continues inside the lithium battery, causing the fire to restart.

5. Secondary Ignition Risk is Constant

Lithium cells can reignite after being extinguished. This can happen even hours later. Conventional extinguishers cannot eliminate this risk. Solution: Extinguishing Systems Specifically Formulated for Lithium Fires. Specially formulated solutions are required to combat lithium-based fires. Envoy EX, developed by Envoy, provides high-performance, rapid, and safe response to lithium fires. It rapidly reduces heat, suppressing the reaction, and eliminating the risk of reignition.

Conclusion

Unfortunately, conventional fire extinguishers are inadequate for lithium-fired fires. Specific, scientifically developed solutions should be preferred for these types of fires. With lithium batteries becoming increasingly widespread, awareness and proper response equipment are crucial.